Flatwork
The general term given to the horizontal application of stone or brick is “flatwork.” Driveways and walkways are examples of masonry flatwork. Stone and brick flatwork can generally be applied in two ways: 1. Over a concrete base, or 2. Directly on the grade (on a bed of sand, for example.) Setting stone or brick on a concrete base (a poured concrete slab which is reinforced with rebar) is certainly the most sturdy (and most common application.) Masonry material set over a concrete base will last for decades. However, there can be artistic advantages to setting stone directly into the grade. For example, stone can be set into the soil in such a way that plant material can be planted between each stone, which can create an interesting contrast. Of course, stone or brick installed in this manner will move or sink over time.
Patterns
Stone can be laid out in a number of ways in order to create interesting and unique patterns. Flagstone, limestone, and travertine, for example, can be laid out in a random pattern, or the stone can be cut into squares, rectangles, or other regular shapes, in order to be laid out in a repeating pattern (much like tile.) Since brick is manufactured to be rectangular, it is often laid out in a repeating pattern such as basket-weave, herringbone, and running bond. Brick can also be used in conjunction with stone or other materials to create interesting artistic details. Some of the most unique patterns are attained when a skilled mason is simply left to improvise. Of course, all of these various types of cuts can be integrated to create complex, multifaceted designs. Random, straight, and curvilinear cuts can all be employed to create borders, complex patterns, and all manner of interesting architectural details.
M William Masonry 